Knowledge is power: Prior knowledge aids memory for both congruent and incongruent events, but in different ways.
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Publication Date
2019-02Journal Title
J Exp Psychol Gen
ISSN
0096-3445
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Volume
148
Issue
2
Pages
325-341
Language
eng
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
Physical Medium
Print-Electronic
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Greve, A., Cooper, E., Tibon, R., & Henson, R. N. (2019). Knowledge is power: Prior knowledge aids memory for both congruent and incongruent events, but in different ways.. J Exp Psychol Gen, 148 (2), 325-341. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000498
Abstract
Events that conform to our expectations, that is, are congruent with our world knowledge or schemas, are better remembered than unrelated events. Yet events that conflict with schemas can also be remembered better. We examined this apparent paradox in 4 experiments, in which schemas were established by training ordinal relationships between randomly paired objects, whereas event memory was tested for the number of objects on each trial. Better memory was found for both congruent and incongruent trials, relative to unrelated trials, producing memory performance that was a "U-shaped" function of congruency. The congruency advantage but not incongruency advantage was mediated by postencoding processes, whereas the incongruency advantage, but not congruency advantage, emerged even if the information probed by the memory test was irrelevant to the schema. Schemas therefore augment event memory in multiple ways, depending on the match between novel and existing information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords
Adult, Association Learning, Female, Humans, Knowledge, Male, Mental Recall, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
Sponsorship
MRC (unknown)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00005/8)
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000498
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287153
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Publisher's own licence
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