Fetal anogenital distance using ultrasound.
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Authors
Holt, Rosemary
Chaplin, Daren
Hawkes, Rebecca
Hackett, Gerald
Gabis, Lidia
Ziv, Shimrit Ilana
Publication Date
2019-06Journal Title
Prenat Diagn
ISSN
0197-3851
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
39
Issue
7
Pages
527-535
Language
eng
Type
Article
This Version
AM
Physical Medium
Print-Electronic
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Aydin, E., Holt, R., Chaplin, D., Hawkes, R., Allison, C., Hackett, G., Austin, T., et al. (2019). Fetal anogenital distance using ultrasound.. Prenat Diagn, 39 (7), 527-535. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5459
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study measured anogenital distance (AGD) during late second/early third trimester of pregnancy to confirm previous findings that AGD can be measured noninvasively in the fetus using ultrasound and further showed differences in reference ranges between populations. METHOD: Two hundred ten singleton pregnancies were recruited at the Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK. A 2D ultrasound was performed between 26 and 30 weeks of pregnancy. AGD was measured from the centre of the anus to the base of the scrotum in males and to the posterior convergence of the fourchette in females. RESULTS: A significant difference in AGD between males and females (P < .0001) was found, replicating previous results with a significant correlation between estimated fetal weight (EFW) and AGD in males only (P = .006). A comparison of AGD using reference data from an Israeli sample (n = 118) and our UK sample (n = 208) showed a significant difference (P < .0001) in both males and females, after controlling for gestational age (GA). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that AGD measurement in utero using ultrasound is feasible. In addition, there are strong sex differences, consistent with previous suggestions that AGD is influenced by prenatal androgen exposure. AGD lengths differ between the UK and Israel; therefore, population-specific normative values may be required for accurate clinical assessments.
Keywords
Perineum, Genitalia, Penis, Scrotum, Fetus, Humans, Fetal Growth Retardation, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Body Weights and Measures, Gestational Age, Pregnancy, Sex Characteristics, Adult, Israel, Anal Canal, Female, Male, Sex Determination Analysis
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Wellcome Trust
Autism Research Trust (ART)
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Templeton World Charitable Foundation.
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5459
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/292236
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