Using prognosis to guide inclusion criteria, define standardised endpoints and stratify follow-up in active surveillance for prostate cancer.
View / Open Files
Authors
Thankapannair, Vineetha
Rubio-Briones, Jose
Domínguez-Escrig, Jose
Statin, Par
Muir, Kenneth
Lophatananon, Artitaya
Publication Date
2019-11Journal Title
BJU international
ISSN
1464-4096
Volume
124
Issue
5
Pages
758-767
Language
eng
Type
Article
This Version
AM
Physical Medium
Print-Electronic
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Gnanapragasam, V., Barrett, T., Thankapannair, V., Thurtle, D., Rubio-Briones, J., Domínguez-Escrig, J., Bratt, O., et al. (2019). Using prognosis to guide inclusion criteria, define standardised endpoints and stratify follow-up in active surveillance for prostate cancer.. BJU international, 124 (5), 758-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14800
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To test whether using disease prognosis can inform a rational approach to active surveillance (AS) for early prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We previously developed the Cambridge Prognostics Groups (CPG) classification, a five-tiered model that uses prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Grade Group and Stage to predict cancer survival outcomes. We applied the CPG model to a UK and a Swedish prostate cancer cohort to test differences in prostate cancer mortality (PCM) in men managed conservatively or by upfront treatment in CPG2 and 3 (which subdivides the intermediate-risk classification) vs CPG1 (low-risk). We then applied the CPG model to a contemporary UK AS cohort, which was optimally characterised at baseline for disease burden, to identify predictors of true prognostic progression. Results were re-tested in an external AS cohort from Spain. RESULTS: In a UK cohort (n = 3659) the 10-year PCM was 2.3% in CPG1, 1.5%/3.5% in treated/untreated CPG2, and 1.9%/8.6% in treated/untreated CPG3. In the Swedish cohort (n = 27 942) the10-year PCM was 1.0% in CPG1, 2.2%/2.7% in treated/untreated CPG2, and 6.1%/12.5% in treated/untreated CPG3. We then tested using progression to CPG3 as a hard endpoint in a modern AS cohort (n = 133). During follow-up (median 3.5 years) only 6% (eight of 133) progressed to CPG3. Predictors of progression were a PSA density ≥0.15 ng/mL/mL and CPG2 at diagnosis. Progression occurred in 1%, 8% and 21% of men with neither factor, only one, or both, respectively. In an independent Spanish AS cohort (n = 143) the corresponding rates were 3%, 10% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using disease prognosis allows a rational approach to inclusion criteria, discontinuation triggers and risk-stratified management in AS.
Keywords
Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Disease Progression, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Middle Aged, Male, Watchful Waiting, Neoplasm Grading
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14800
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/292682
Rights
All rights reserved