Deep Earth volatile cycles as revealed by basalt chemistry
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Earth’s volatiles (e.g. CO
Volatile- trace element systematics in suites of basaltic glass and melt inclusions have been widely used to infer volatile abundances in the depleted mantle, but have resulted in a large diversity of estimates. In this thesis a new statistical treatment of such datasets is developed, using simple numerical models for concurrent magma mixing and degassing. It is demonstrated that the role of magma degassing was previously underestimated, and the variability in apparent mantle volatile concentrations is largely a result of variability in magma mixing and degassing.
Using a large new dataset of Icelandic melt inclusions sampling diverse mantle components, alongside a compilation of existing suites, the gross structure of the global melt inclusion array is shown to be controlled by magma degassing and olivine decrepitation. By applying the new statistical treatment of the data developed here, the presence of at least three mantle components with distinct volatile chemistry are demonstrated to contribute Icelandic magmas. With a novel combination of geophysical and geochemical constraints, the thermal structure and mineralogy of the melting region beneath Iceland is constrained. The role of mineralogical heterogeneity in the long term storage of mantle volatiles is critically assessed.
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Maclennan, John
Rudge, John F