Reduced neutralisation of the Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern following vaccination.
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Authors
Davis, Chris
Logan, Nicola
COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
Barclay, Wendy S
COVID-19 DeplOyed VaccinE (DOVE) Cohort Study investigators
Publication Date
2021-12Journal Title
PLoS Pathog
ISSN
1553-7366
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Volume
17
Issue
12
Pages
e1010022
Type
Article
This Version
VoR
Physical Medium
Electronic-eCollection
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Davis, C., Logan, N., Tyson, G., Orton, R., Harvey, W. T., Perkins, J. S., Mollett, G., et al. (2021). Reduced neutralisation of the Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern following vaccination.. PLoS Pathog, 17 (12), e1010022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010022
Abstract
Vaccines are proving to be highly effective in controlling hospitalisation and deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection but the emergence of viral variants with novel antigenic profiles threatens to diminish their efficacy. Assessment of the ability of sera from vaccine recipients to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants will inform the success of strategies for minimising COVID19 cases and the design of effective antigenic formulations. Here, we examine the sensitivity of variants of concern (VOCs) representative of the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 (first associated with infections in India) and B.1.351 (first associated with infection in South Africa) lineages of SARS-CoV-2 to neutralisation by sera from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccines. Across all vaccinated individuals, the spike glycoproteins from B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 conferred reductions in neutralisation of 4.31 and 5.11-fold respectively. The reduction seen with the B.1.617.2 lineage approached that conferred by the glycoprotein from B.1.351 (South African) variant (6.29-fold reduction) that is known to be associated with reduced vaccine efficacy. Neutralising antibody titres elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 were significantly higher than those elicited by vaccination with two doses of ChAdOx1. Fold decreases in the magnitude of neutralisation titre following two doses of BNT162b2, conferred reductions in titre of 7.77, 11.30 and 9.56-fold respectively to B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 pseudoviruses, the reduction in neutralisation of the delta variant B.1.617.2 surpassing that of B.1.351. Fold changes in those vaccinated with two doses of ChAdOx1 were 0.69, 4.01 and 1.48 respectively. The accumulation of mutations in these VOCs, and others, demonstrate the quantifiable risk of antigenic drift and subsequent reduction in vaccine efficacy. Accordingly, booster vaccines based on updated variants are likely to be required over time to prevent productive infection. This study also suggests that two dose regimes of vaccine are required for maximal BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-induced immunity.
Keywords
Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Antigenic Drift and Shift, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunization, Secondary, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine Efficacy
Sponsorship
MRC (MC_PC_19027)
MRC (via Imperial College London) (MR/W005611/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_19027)
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010022
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/334984
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