Repository logo
 

Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate positional cues to prime cambial growth.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Authors

Miyashima, Shunsuke 
Roszak, Pawel 
Sevilem, Iris 
Toyokura, Koichi 

Abstract

Apical growth in plants initiates upon seed germination, whereas radial growth is primed only during early ontogenesis in procambium cells and activated later by the vascular cambium1. Although it is not known how radial growth is organized and regulated in plants, this system resembles the developmental competence observed in some animal systems, in which pre-existing patterns of developmental potential are established early on2,3. Here we show that in Arabidopsis the initiation of radial growth occurs around early protophloem-sieve-element cell files of the root procambial tissue. In this domain, cytokinin signalling promotes the expression of a pair of mobile transcription factors-PHLOEM EARLY DOF 1 (PEAR1) and PHLOEM EARLY DOF 2 (PEAR2)-and their four homologues (DOF6, TMO6, OBP2 and HCA2), which we collectively name PEAR proteins. The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient that peaks at protophloem sieve elements, and activates gene expression that promotes radial growth. The expression and function of PEAR proteins are antagonized by the HD-ZIP III proteins, well-known polarity transcription factors4-the expression of which is concentrated in the more-internal domain of radially non-dividing procambial cells by the function of auxin, and mobile miR165 and miR166 microRNAs. The PEAR proteins locally promote transcription of their inhibitory HD-ZIP III genes, and thereby establish a negative-feedback loop that forms a robust boundary that demarks the zone of cell division. Taken together, our data establish that during root procambial development there exists a network in which a module that links PEAR and HD-ZIP III transcription factors integrates spatial information of the hormonal domains and miRNA gradients to provide adjacent zones of dividing and more-quiescent cells, which forms a foundation for further radial growth.

Description

Keywords

Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cambium, Cell Division, Cues, Cytokinins, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Indoleacetic Acids, MicroRNAs, Phloem, Plant Growth Regulators, Plant Roots, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic

Journal Title

Nature

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0028-0836
1476-4687

Volume Title

565

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
European Research Council (323052)
Gatsby Charitable Foundation (GAT3395/PR3)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/N013158/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/M008975/1)
Gatsby Foundation [GAT3395/PR3)] University of Helsinki [award 799992091] ERC Grant SYMDEV [No. 323052] NSF-BBSRC MCSB 1517058 etc.