A Novel Role for CSA in the Regulation of Nuclear Envelope Integrity: Uncovering a Non-Canonical Function

Abstract

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature ageing condition characterized by microcephaly, growth failure, and neurodegeneration. It is caused by mutations in ERCC6 or ERCC8 encoding for Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB) and A (CSA) proteins, respectively. CSA and CSB have well- characterised roles in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, responsible for removing bulky DNA lesions, including those caused by UV irradiation. Here, we report that CSA dysfunction causes defects in nuclear envelope (NE) integrity. NE dysfunction is characteristic of progeroid disorders caused by mutation in NE proteins, such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). However, it has never been reported in Cockayne Syndrome. We observed CSA dysfunction affected LEMD2 incorporation at the NE, and increased actin stress fibers that contributed to enhanced mechanical stress to the NE. Altogether, these led to NE abnormalities associated with activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. Targeting the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex was sufficient to rescue these phenotypes. This work reveals NE dysfunction in a progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in a DNA damage repair protein, reinforcing the connection between NE deregulation and ageing.