Introducing ΔV⋆ − g: a new universal kinematic disturbance parameter
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Abstract We introduce a new kinematic disturbance parameter, ΔV⋆ − g (pronounced ‘DVSG’), which takes advantage of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) to quantify differences between a galaxy’s stellar and gas velocity maps. The motivation behind ΔV⋆ − g is to capture disturbances in the kinematics of a galaxy that might be missed by alternative methods, while also attempting to minimize bias towards galaxy properties or features of the IFS data. We first detail the reasons for introducing this parameter, and explain how the ΔV⋆ − g value of a galaxy can be calculated. We then present initial results using ΔV⋆ − g to quantify the kinematic disturbance of obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) found in the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We find that there is no statistically significant difference between the ΔV⋆ − g distributions of AGN and a control sample (matched in mass and redshift) of inactive galaxies. This suggests that AGN triggering may not be preferentially caused by any distinct kinematic disturbance process, or combination of processes, beyond those observed in inactive galaxies.
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Acknowledgements: We thank the referee, Kyle Westfall, for the helpful comments that greatly improved the paper. JMP would like to thank A. Lola Danhaive for insightful conversations about kinematics. JMP is grateful to the Cambridge Trust and Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, for a Vice Chancellor’s & Sidney Sussex Basil Howard PhD scholarship. RJS gratefully acknowledges funding from the Royal Astronomical Society. TG is a Canadian Rubin Fellow at the Dunlap Institute. The Dunlap Institute is funded through an endowment established by the David Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss4.org. SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University. This work made use of astropy, 3 a community-developed core python package and an ecosystem of tools and resources for astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), and NASA’s Astrophysics Data System, funded by NASA under Cooperative Agreement 80NSSC21M00561.
Funder: University of Cambridge; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000735
Funder: Royal Astronomical Society; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000698
Funder: University of Toronto; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003579
Funder: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100000879
Funder: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100006132
Funder: University of Utah; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100007747
Funder: University of Tokyo; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004721
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