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Comparative digital reconstruction of Pica pica and Struthio camelus and their cranial suture ontogenies.

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Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Abstract

To date, several studies describe post-hatching ontogenetic variation in birds; however, none of these studies document and compare ontogenetic variation of the entire skull in multiple avian species. Therefore, we studied ontogenetic skull variation of two bird species with very different ecologies, Pica pica, and Struthio camelus, using μCT based 3D reconstructions. For each specimen, we performed bone-by-bone segmentation in order to visualize and describe the morphological variation of each bone during ontogeny and estimated the average sutural closure of the skulls to identify different ontogenetic stages. Although bone fusion of P. pica occurs more rapidly than that of S. camelus the general sequence of bone fusion follows a similar trend from posterior to anterior, but a more detailed analysis reveals some interspecific variation in the fusion patterns. Although growth persists over a longer period in S. camelus than in P. pica and adults of the former species are significantly larger, the skull of the most mature S. camelus is still less fused than that of P. pica. Different growth and fusion patterns of the two species indicate that the interspecific ontogenetic variation could be related to heterochronic developments. Nevertheless, this hypothesis needs to be tested in a broader phylogenetic framework in order to detect the evolutionary direction of the potential heterochronic transformations.

Description

Funder: New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine


Funder: Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100019803


Funder: University of Arizona; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007899


Funder: Western Interior Paleontological Society

Keywords

birds, ontogeny, osteology, skull morphology, Animals, Cranial Sutures, Phylogeny, Struthioniformes, Pica, Skull, Biological Evolution

Journal Title

Anat Rec (Hoboken)

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Journal ISSN

1932-8486
1932-8494

Volume Title

Publisher

Wiley
Sponsorship
Swiss National Science Fondation (PZ00P2_174040)
U.S. National Science Foundation (1457180, 1725925)