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Explosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile-Rich, Dacitic Melt

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cam.issuedOnline2022-02-11
dc.contributor.authorWieser, PE
dc.contributor.authorEdmonds, M
dc.contributor.authorGansecki, C
dc.contributor.authorMaclennan, J
dc.contributor.authorJenner, FE
dc.contributor.authorKunz, B
dc.contributor.authorAntoshechkina, P
dc.contributor.authorTrusdell, F
dc.contributor.authorLee, RL
dc.contributor.authorEimf
dc.contributor.orcidWieser, PE [0000-0002-1070-8323]
dc.contributor.orcidEdmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X]
dc.contributor.orcidGansecki, C [0000-0001-5581-9097]
dc.contributor.orcidMaclennan, J [0000-0001-6857-9600]
dc.contributor.orcidAntoshechkina, P [0000-0002-3358-5186]
dc.contributor.orcidEimf [0000-0001-6248-6657]
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-11T23:00:15Z
dc.date.available2022-02-11T23:00:15Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2021-07-19
dc.date.updated2022-02-11T23:00:14Z
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first 2 weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) becoming enriched by 4–5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O contents (∼2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic‐andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusion CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ∼2–3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (∼2.5 km) and a seismically imaged low <jats:italic>Vp</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>Vs</jats:italic> anomaly (∼2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955 and 1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for &gt;60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile‐rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.</jats:p>
dc.identifier.citationGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, volume 23, issue 2, page e2021GC010046
dc.identifier.doi10.17863/CAM.81353
dc.identifier.eissn1525-2027
dc.identifier.issn1525-2027
dc.identifier.otherggge22743
dc.identifier.other2021gc010046
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/333936
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)
dc.publisher.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021gc010046
dc.subjectmelt inclusions
dc.subjectvolatile solubility
dc.subjectdacites
dc.subjectmagma storage
dc.subjectstrombolian
dc.titleExplosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile-Rich, Dacitic Melt
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-01-11
prism.publicationNameGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
pubs.funder-project-idNERC (NE/L002507/1)
rioxxterms.licenseref.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rioxxterms.versionVoR
rioxxterms.versionofrecord10.1029/2021GC010046

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