A trench-based archaeological evaluation was carried out on the site previously occupied by the Cow and Calf Public House. The site lies within the 4th century walled town of Cambridge and close to the line of one of the principal streets. Three main phase of archaeological remains were uncovered: 1st century Romano-British pits and cess pits, 15th/16th century gravel quarrying and metalworking, and 17th/18th century levelling of the site. A large Roman-British finds assemblage was recovered both in situ from Roman features and as residual material in the subsequent gravel pits.