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Natural History of Obesity Due to POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR Deficiency and the Impact of Setmelanotide.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Wabitsch, Martin 
Farooqi, Sadaf 
Flück, Christa E 
Bratina, Natasa 
Mallya, Usha G 

Abstract

CONTEXT: Rare homozygous or biallelic variants in POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR can disrupt signaling through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway, resulting in hyperphagia and severe early-onset obesity. In pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials, treatment with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide reduced hunger and weight in patients with obesity due to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the historical weight trajectory in these patients. METHODS: This analysis included data from 2 pivotal single-arm, open-label, Phase 3 trials (NCT02896192, NCT03287960). These were multicenter trials. Patients had obesity due to POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency. During the trial, patients were treated with setmelanotide. Historical data on measured weight and height were obtained during screening. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients (POMC, n = 8; PCSK1, n = 1; LEPR, n = 8) with historical weight and height data were included in this analysis. Before setmelanotide treatment, patients with obesity due to POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency were above the 95th percentile for weight throughout childhood, demonstrated continuous weight gain, and did not show long-term weight loss upon interventions (eg, diet, surgery, exercise). Setmelanotide treatment attenuated weight and body mass index trajectories over the observation period of 1 year. CONCLUSION: In patients with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency, traditional interventions for weight loss had limited impact on the trajectory of severe early-onset obesity. However, setmelanotide treatment attenuated weight and body mass index trajectories and led to weight loss associated with health benefits in most individuals.

Description

Keywords

LEPR, MC4R pathway, POMC, obesity, setmelanotide

Journal Title

J Endocr Soc

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2472-1972
2472-1972

Volume Title

6

Publisher

The Endocrine Society