cam.issuedOnline	2021-06
cam.orpheus.counter	4
cam.orpheus.success	Mon Jun 21 07:30:36 BST 2021 - Embargo updated
datacite.issupplementedby.url	https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.66358
dc.contributor.author	Weidacker, Kathrin
dc.contributor.author	Kim, Seung-Goo
dc.contributor.author	Nord, Camilla L
dc.contributor.author	Rua, Catarina
dc.contributor.author	Rodgers, Christopher T
dc.contributor.author	Voon, Valerie
dc.contributor.orcid	Nord, Camilla [0000-0002-9281-3417]
dc.contributor.orcid	Rodgers, Christopher [0000-0003-1275-1197]
dc.contributor.orcid	Voon, Valerie [0000-0001-6790-1776]
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-20T23:30:20Z
dc.date.available	2021-05-20T23:30:20Z
dc.date.issued	2021-09
dc.description.abstract	A number of convergent human neuroimaging and animal studies suggest that habenula neurons fire in anticipation of non-rewarding outcomes, and suppress their firing in anticipation of rewarding outcomes. This normative function of the habenula appears disrupted in depression, and may be critical to the anti-depressant effects of ketamine. However, studying habenula functionality in humans using standard 3 T MRI is inherently limited by its small size. We employed ultra-high field (7 T) fMRI to investigate habenular activity in eighteen healthy volunteers during a Monetary Incentive Delay Task, focussing on loss avoidance, monetary loss and neutral events. We assessed neural activation in the field of view (FOV) in addition to ROI-based habenula-specific activity and generalized task-dependent functional connectivity. Whole FOV results indicated substantial neural differences between monetary loss and neutral outcomes, as well as between loss avoidance and neutral outcomes. Habenula-specific analyses showed bilateral deactivation during loss avoidance, compared to other outcomes. This first investigation into the habenula's role during loss avoidance revealed that the left habenula further differentiated between loss avoidance and monetary loss. Functional connectivity between the right habenula and the ipsilateral hippocampus and subcallosal cingulate (regions implicated in memory and depression pathophysiology) was enhanced when anticipating potential losses compared to anticipating neutral outcomes. Our findings suggest that the human habenula responds most strongly to outcomes of loss avoidance when compared to neutral and monetary losses, suggesting a role for the habenula in both reward and aversive processing. This has critical relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of habenula function in mood and other neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the mechanism of action of habenula-targeting antidepressants such as ketamine.
dc.description.sponsorship	This research was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). VV is funded by a Medical Research Council Senior Fellowship (MR/P008747/1). CLN is funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant Reference: SUAG/043 G101400). CTR is funded by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society [098436/Z/12/B]. The 7T MRI scanner was funded by the University of Cambridge, the Medical Research Council (MR/M008983/1), and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
dc.format.medium	Print-Electronic
dc.identifier.doi	10.17863/CAM.70221
dc.identifier.eissn	1973-8102
dc.identifier.issn	0010-9452
dc.identifier.uri	https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/322765
dc.language	eng
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier BV
dc.publisher.url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.013
dc.rights	All rights reserved
dc.subject	Functional connectivity
dc.subject	Habenula
dc.subject	Loss avoidance
dc.subject	Monetary incentive delay task
dc.subject	Reward processing
dc.subject	Animals
dc.subject	Anticipation, Psychological
dc.subject	Habenula
dc.subject	Humans
dc.subject	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
dc.subject	Motivation
dc.subject	Neuroimaging
dc.subject	Reward
dc.title	Avoiding monetary loss: A human habenula functional MRI ultra-high field study.
dc.type	Article
dcterms.dateAccepted	2021-05-17
prism.endingPage	73
prism.publicationDate	2021
prism.publicationName	Cortex
prism.startingPage	62
prism.volume	142
pubs.funder-project-id	Wellcome Trust (Unknown)
pubs.funder-project-id	Wellcome Trust (098436/Z/12/B)
pubs.funder-project-id	Medical Research Council (MR/P008747/1)
pubs.funder-project-id	MRC (Unknown)
pubs.funder-project-id	Medical Research Council (MR/M008983/1)
pubs.funder-project-id	MRC (MR/M008983/1)
pubs.funder-project-id	Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00005/4)
pubs.funder-project-id	National Institute for Health and Care Research (IS-BRC-1215-20014)
pubs.funder-project-id	MRC (MC_UU_00030/12)
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate	2021-09
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri	http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved
rioxxterms.type	Journal Article/Review
rioxxterms.version	AM
rioxxterms.versionofrecord	10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.013

Avoiding monetary loss: A human habenula functional MRI ultra-high field study.

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