Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests
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Stabilizing grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer 45 is critical to extend 46 device durability. Here we introduced an unexplored sulfonium-based molecule to post-treat 47 formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films, which shows outstanding stability upon light soaking 48 and remarkably remains in black-phase after 2 years ageing under ambient condition without 49 encapsulation. The DMPESI-treated PSCs deliver a breakthrough record in operational stability of 50 highly-efficient PSCs with less than 1% performance loss after more than 4500 h at maximum 51 power point tracking, yielding a theoretical T80 of over 9 years under continuous 1-sun 52 illumination. They also present less than 5% PCE drops under various ageing conditions (including 53 thermal cycling and damp heat test).
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Acknowledgements: We acknowledge W. Bi (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL) for help of XRD measurements and P. A. Schouwink (EPFL) for GIWAXS measurements. J.S. and A. Hagfeldt acknowledge Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support with project number 200020_185041. B.Y. and A. Hagfeldt acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 764047 and from the Horizon Europe framework programme for research and innovation under grant agreement number 101084124–DIAMOND. E.M. wishes to thank the project Ricerca@CNR PHOTOCAT (CUP B93C21000060006). F.D.A was supported by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security in the framework of the Project GoPV (CSEAA_00011) for Research on the Electric System. E.M. and F.D.A acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 101082176–VALHALLA. D.B. acknowledges the scholarship support of the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU). F.F. acknowledges the funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (number 200021_213073). K.F. acknowledges an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Doctoral Prize Fellowship and a Winton Sustainability Fund Studentship. T.A.S.D. acknowledges the support of an Oppenheimer Research Fellowship, a Schmidt Science Fellowship and a Research Fellowship at Murray Edwards College. S.D.S. acknowledges the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033) and the EPSRC (EP/R023980/1) for funding. The work has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION–grant agreement number 756962). The UK High-Field Solid-State NMR Facility used in this research was funded by EPSRC and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (EP/T015063/1) and for the 1 GHz instrument, EP/R029946/1. Collaborative assistance from the Facility Manager Team (D. Iuga and T. Franks, University of Warwick) is acknowledged. D.J.K. acknowledges the support of the University of Warwick. This work was carried out with the support for Diamond Light Source, instrument E02 at the electron physical science research centre (ePSIC) (proposal MG30750).
Funder: European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 764047.
Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support with Project No. 200020_185041.
Funder: German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU)
Funder: National University of Ireland Travelling Studentship and an Oppenheimer Research Fellowship
Funder: George and Lilian Schiff Studentship, Winton Sustainability Fund Studentship, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) studentship.
Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation (Nr. 200021_213073).
Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support with Project No. 200020_185041
Funder: Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033).
Funder: PON «R&I» 2014-2020: Progetti di Ricerca Industriale e Sviluppo Sperimentale nelle 12 aree di Specializzazione individuate dal PNR 2015-2020.
Funder: Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support with Project No. 200020_185041 and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 764047.
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2058-7546
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Royal Society (UF150033)