The occurrence of a rich subtidal macrobenthic fauna in through-flow residential marina canals, and the potential of such systems to be managed as biodiversity assets.

Abstract

The subtidal soft-sediment macrobenthos of a residential coastal marina's 25 ha through-flow canal system was investigated in relation to that in the adjacent natural waterways. The marina, developed from a polluted brownfield island in a warm-temperate estuarine bay, straddles the interface between the axial estuarine channel and a smaller backwater creek separating the island from the mainland, one entrance/exit connecting the canals to each water mass. Although they shared a common pool of taxa, an epibenthic cerithioid microgastropod dominated the axial channel as a whole, a subsurface paraonid polychaete likewise the backwater creek, whilst, unusually, sediment/water interface crustaceans dominated the whole marina canal system, especially the amphipods Ampelisca and Grandidierella. In contrast, the abundance of opportunistic annelids in the marina was very low. Whilst coastal marinas have generally been considered ecological disasters, biodiversity in this one's canals was unusually high at 104 observed invertebrate taxa; 97% of those achieving >25 m-2 in the local axial estuarine channel also occurred in the marina, and additionally its canals supported a number of uncommon taxa not otherwise known from the estuarine bay. This South African marina atypically appears to constitute a biodiversity asset, the more valuable because of its brownfield-site origin; and such appropriately constructed and managed through-flow marinas could form potential refuges for threatened estuarine and coastal soft-sediment benthos. It is concluded that only new marinas with a through water flow should be permitted to be located in ecologically sensitive or conservationally important areas and that regular monitoring of soft-sediment benthos should form an essential part of marina management regimes.