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Brain circuitry of compulsivity.


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Authors

van den Heuvel, Odile A 
van Wingen, Guido 
Soriano-Mas, Carles 
Alonso, Pino 
Chamberlain, Samuel R 

Abstract

Compulsivity is associated with alterations in the structure and the function of parallel and interacting brain circuits involved in emotional processing (involving both the reward and the fear circuits), cognitive control, and motor functioning. These brain circuits develop during the pre-natal period and early childhood under strong genetic and environmental influences. In this review we bring together literature on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in compulsivity, based mainly on studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Disease symptoms normally change over time. Goal-directed behaviors, in response to reward or anxiety, often become more habitual over time. During the course of compulsive disorders the mental processes and repetitive behaviors themselves contribute to the neuroplastic changes in the involved circuits, mainly in case of chronicity. On the other hand, successful treatment is able to normalize altered circuit functioning or to induce compensatory mechanisms. We conclude that insight in the neurobiological characteristics of the individual symptom profile and disease course, including the potential targets for neuroplasticity is an unmet need to advance the field.

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Keywords

Anxiety, Compulsivity, Cortico-striato-thalamico-cortical circuits, Limbic, Neuroimaging, Animals, Antipsychotic Agents, Anxiety, Brain, Cognition, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Compulsive Behavior, Compulsive Personality Disorder, Humans, Limbic System, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neurogenesis, Neuronal Plasticity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Journal Title

Eur Neuropsychopharmacol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0924-977X
1873-7862

Volume Title

26

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Dr. Soriano-Mas is funded by a ׳Miguel Servet׳ contract from the Carlos III Health Institute (CP10/00604). Dr. Goudriaan is supported by a VIDI Innovative Research Grant (Grant no. 91713354) funded by the Dutch Scientific Research Association (NWO-ZonMW). Dr. Alonso was funded by the Instituto de Salut Carlos III-FISPI14/00413. Dr. Nakamae received Grant support from MEXT KAKENHI (Nos. 24791223 and 26461753).