The paper presents a new project “PROCON: Production and Consumption: Textile Economy and Urbanisation in Mediterranean Europe 1000–500 BCE” (2013–2018), funded by a European Research Council starting grant. The aim of the project is to test the hypothesis that textile production and consumption were significant driving forces of the economy and of the creation and perception of wealth in Mediterranean Europe during the period of urbanisation and early urbanism in the Iron Age (1000–500 BCE). The project structure encompasses four research strands within the chaîne opératoire of textile economy: 'Resources', 'Production', 'Product' and 'Consumption and Exchange' which address the specific objectives of the project on the basis of selected case studies and using an interdisciplinary combination of methods to investigate textiles, textile tools, textile iconography, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical remains, as well as relevant written sources.