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A portable and affordable extensional rheometer for field testing

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Hallmark, B 
Bosson, E 
Butler, S 
Hoier, T 

Abstract

Extensional shear testing is often needed to characterise the behaviour of complex fluids found in industry and nature. Traditional extensional rheometers are typically expensive, fragile and heavy and are only suited to making measurements in a laboratory environment. For some applications, it is necessary to make in situ rheological measurements where, for example, fluid properties change rapidly over time or where laboratory facilities are unavailable. This paper reports the development and validation of an inexpensive, lightweight and robust 'open source' extensional rheometer, Seymour II. Validation was carried out experimentally and computationally. Measurements on a Newtonian fluid (492 mPa s Brookfield silicone oil) yielded results of 510  ±  51 mPa s; these are comfortably within the range of  ±10% which other authors have quoted for extensional techniques using laboratory rheometers. Comparison of the observed filament thinning dynamics to those obtained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) gave good qualitative agreement. Use of Seymour II at the University of Cambridge Botanic Gardens revealed that the mucilage of the 'crane flower', Strelitzia reginae, was a viscoelastic fluid whose extensional response could be described by a two-mode Giesekus equation. Engineering drawings and image analysis code for Seymour II are available for download at the project website, www.seymourII.org/.

Description

Keywords

extensional rheometry, open source design, rheology

Journal Title

Measurement Science and Technology

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0957-0233
1361-6501

Volume Title

27

Publisher

Institute of Physics
Sponsorship
Support for a summer internship for NP from ENSTA, a PhD studentship for MPB from Sandvik Hyperion and Ceratizit, and a PhD studentship for OMM from Chemours.