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The interstellar medium in Andromeda's dwarf spheroidal galaxies: II. Multi-phase gas content and ISM conditions

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Looze, ID 
Baes, M 
Cormier, D 
Kaneko, H 
Kuno, N 

Abstract

We make an inventory of the interstellar medium material in three low-metallicity dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group (NGC147, NGC185 and NGC205). Ancillary Hi, CO, \textit{Spitzer} IRS spectra, Hα and X-ray observations are combined to trace the atomic, cold and warm molecular, ionised and hot gas phases. We present new Nobeyama CO(1-0) observations and \textit{Herschel} SPIRE FTS [Ci] observations of NGC205 to revise its molecular gas content. We derive total gas masses of Mg = 1.9-5.5x105 M for NGC185 and Mg = 8.6-25.0x10^5 M for NGC205. Non-detections combine to an upper limit on the gas mass of Mg =< 0.3-2.2x10^5 M for NGC147. The observed gas reservoirs are significantly lower compared to the expected gas masses based on a simple closed-box model that accounts for the gas mass returned by planetary nebulae and supernovae. The gas-to-dust mass ratios GDR~37-107 and GDR~48-139 are also considerably lower compared to the expected GDR~370 and GDR~520 for the low metal abundances in NGC 185 (0.36 Z) and NGC205 (0.25 Z), respectively. To simultaneously account for the gas deficiency and low gas-to-dust ratios, we require an efficient removal of a large gas fraction and a longer dust survival time (~1.6 Gyr). We believe that efficient galactic winds (combined with heating of gas to sufficiently high temperatures in order for it to escape from the galaxy) and/or environmental interactions with neighbouring galaxies are responsible for the gas removal from NGC147, NGC185 and NGC205.

Description

Keywords

ISM: evolution, galaxies: dwarf, Local Group, infrared: ISM, galaxies: individual: NGC 205, galaxies: individual: NGC 185, galaxies: individual: NGC 147

Journal Title

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0035-8711
1365-2966

Volume Title

465

Publisher

Oxford University Press
Sponsorship
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/N000927/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/M001334/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen); BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/ MCYT (Spain); CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); NASA (USA)