Neuromorphic computing could address the inherent limitations of conventional silicon technology in dedicated machine learning applications. Recent work on silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks and large crossbar-arrays of two-terminal memristive devices has led to the development of promising neuromorphic systems. However, delivering a compact and efficient parallel computing technology, such as artificial neural networks embedded in hardware, remains a significant challenge. Organic electronic materials offer an attractive alternative for such systems and could provide biocompatible and relatively inexpensive neuromorphic devices with low-energy switching and excellent tunability. Here, we review the development of organic neuromorphic devices. We consider different resistance switching mechanisms, which typically rely on electrochemical doping or charge trapping, and discuss the challenges the field faces in implementing low power neuromorphic computing, which include device downscaling, improving device speed, state retention and array compatibility. We highlight early demonstrations of device integration into arrays and finally consider future directions and potential applications of this technology.