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Treatable childhood neuronopathy caused by mutations in riboflavin transporter RFVT2.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

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Authors

Foley, A Reghan 
Menezes, Manoj P 
Pandraud, Amelie 
Gonzalez, Michael A 
Al-Odaib, Ahmad 

Abstract

Childhood onset motor neuron diseases or neuronopathies are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders. A particularly severe subgroup first described in 1894, and subsequently called Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, is characterized by progressive pontobulbar palsy, sensorineural hearing loss and respiratory insufficiency. There has been no treatment for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which leads to respiratory failure and usually death during childhood. We recently reported the identification of SLC52A2, encoding riboflavin transporter RFVT2, as a new causative gene for Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome. We used both exome and Sanger sequencing to identify SLC52A2 mutations in patients presenting with cranial neuropathies and sensorimotor neuropathy with or without respiratory insufficiency. We undertook clinical, neurophysiological and biochemical characterization of patients with mutations in SLC52A2, functionally analysed the most prevalent mutations and initiated a regimen of high-dose oral riboflavin. We identified 18 patients from 13 families with compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in SLC52A2. Affected individuals share a core phenotype of rapidly progressive axonal sensorimotor neuropathy (manifesting with sensory ataxia, severe weakness of the upper limbs and axial muscles with distinctly preserved strength of the lower limbs), hearing loss, optic atrophy and respiratory insufficiency. We demonstrate that SLC52A2 mutations cause reduced riboflavin uptake and reduced riboflavin transporter protein expression, and we report the response to high-dose oral riboflavin therapy in patients with SLC52A2 mutations, including significant and sustained clinical and biochemical improvements in two patients and preliminary clinical response data in 13 patients with associated biochemical improvements in 10 patients. The clinical and biochemical responses of this SLC52A2-specific cohort suggest that riboflavin supplementation can ameliorate the progression of this neurodegenerative condition, particularly when initiated soon after the onset of symptoms.

Description

Keywords

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, RFVT2, SLC52A2, childhood neuronopathy, riboflavin therapy, Adolescent, Brain, Bulbar Palsy, Progressive, Carnitine, Child, Child, Preschool, Exome, Female, Genotype, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microarray Analysis, Motor Neuron Disease, Mutation, Neurologic Examination, Pedigree, RNA, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Riboflavin, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sural Nerve, Vitamins, Young Adult

Journal Title

Brain

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0006-8950
1460-2156

Volume Title

137

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)