Building and City Information Modelling (BIM and CIM) could potentially facilitate better planning outcomes, more efficient service provision, and more inclusive community engagement. In doing so, these technologies could help deliver on some of the goals common amongst aspiring smart cities, using data to improve efficiency, services and quality of life. However, information modelling uptake has been slow, and most cities do not incorporate information modelling in their planning processes. Looking beyond information modelling, planning systems worldwide have been slow to adapt to the digital future: most planning systems have not yet digitalised, and lack the tools and incentives to help local authorities and planners make use of emerging technologies. This research explores the barriers to and opportunities for using information modelling in planning in the UK, and probes the ethical questions around how cities and local authorities can use data while protecting citizens’ right to privacy. The project approaches its analysis through three case studies in two UK nations, relying on stakeholder interviews, document analysis, and a questionnaire. We selected three case studies, Bristol, Cambridge and Scotland, to reflect areas with different socioeconomic profiles, planning systems, local authority sizes, and governance structures. The project identified that organisational, data-related, technological, human resource, financial and legal barriers are interrelated. Solutions for overcoming these barriers are themed around enhancing collaboration, leadership, resource management, technology and the planning system at large