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The pattern speed of the Milky Way bar from transverse velocities

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Sanders, Jason L 
Smith, Leigh Charles  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-2771
Evans, N Wyn 

Abstract

We use the continuity equation to derive a method for measuring the pattern speed of the Milky Way's bar/bulge from proper motion data. The method has minimal assumptions but requires complete coverage of the non-axisymmetric component in two of the three Galactic coordinates. We apply our method to the proper motion data from a combination of Gaia DR2 and VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) to measure the pattern speed of the bar as Ωp=(41±3)kms−1kpc−1 (where the error is statistical). This puts the corotation radius at (5.7±0.4)kpc, under the assumptions of the standard peculiar motion of the Sun and the absence of non-axisymmetric streaming in the Solar neighbourhood. The obtained result uses only data on the near-side of the bar which produces consistent measurements of the distance and velocity of the centre of the Galaxy. Addition of the data on the far-side of the bar pulls the pattern speed down to Ωp=(31±1)kms−1kpc−1 but requires a lower transverse velocity for the Galactic centre than observed. This suggests systematics of 5−10kms−1kpc−1 dominate the uncertainty. We demonstrate using a dynamically-formed bar/bulge simulation that even with the limited field of view of the VVV survey our method robustly recovers the pattern speed.

Description

Keywords

Galaxy: bulge, Galaxy: fundamental parameters, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics

Journal Title

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0035-8711
1365-2966

Volume Title

488

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/N000927/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/S000623/1)