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Increasing the sensitivity of hyperpolarized [15 N2 ]urea detection by serial transfer of polarization to spin-coupled protons.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Wright, Alan J 
Somai, Vencel 
Katz-Brull, Rachel 

Abstract

PURPOSE: Hyperpolarized 15 N-labeled molecules have been proposed as imaging agents for investigating tissue perfusion and pH. However, the sensitivity of direct 15 N detection is limited by the isotope's low gyromagnetic ratio. Sensitivity can be increased by transferring 15 N hyperpolarization to spin-coupled protons provided that there is not significant polarization loss during transfer. However, complete polarization transfer would limit the temporal window for imaging to the order of the proton T1 (2-3 s). To exploit the long T1 offered by storing polarization in 15 N and the higher sensitivity of 1 H detection, we have developed a pulse sequence for partial polarization transfer. METHODS: A polarization transfer pulse sequence was modified to allow partial polarization transfer, as is required for dynamic measurements, and that can be implemented with inhomogeneous B1 fields, as is often the case in vivo. The sequence was demonstrated with dynamic spectroscopy and imaging measurements with [15 N2 ]urea. RESULTS: When compared to direct 15 N detection, the sequence increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 1.72 ± 0.25, where both experiments depleted ~20% of the hyperpolarization (>10-fold when 100% of the hyperpolarization is used). Simulations with measured cross relaxation rates showed that this sequence gave up to a 50-fold increase in urea proton polarization when compared to spontaneous polarization transfer via cross relaxation. CONCLUSION: The sequence gave an SNR increase that was close to the theoretical limit and can give a significant SNR benefit when compared to direct 13 C detection of hyperpolarized [13 C]urea.

Description

Keywords

hyperpolarization, indirect detection, nitrogen-15, urea, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Urea

Journal Title

Magn Reson Med

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0740-3194
1522-2594

Volume Title

84

Publisher

Wiley
Sponsorship
Cancer Research UK (CB4100)
European Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Marie Sk?odowska-Curie actions (642773)
Cancer Research UK (17242)
Cancer Research UK (C14303/A17197)
European Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) (858149)