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Time-Lapse Acoustic Imaging of Mesoscale and Fine-Scale Variability within the Faroe-Shetland Channel

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Abstract

jats:titleAbstract</jats:title>jats:pWe describe and analyze the results of a three‐dimensional seismic (i.e., acoustic) reflection survey from the Faroe‐Shetland Channel that is calibrated with near‐coincident hydrographic and satellite observations. 54 vertical seismic transects were acquired over a period of 25 days. On each transect, a 250‐ to 400‐m‐thick band of reflections is observed within the water column. Hydrographic measurements demonstrate that this reflective band is caused by temperature variations within the pycnocline that separates warm, near‐surface waters of Atlantic origin from cold, deep waters that flow southward from the Nordic Seas. Tilting of reflective surfaces records geostrophic shear between these near‐surface and deep waters. Measurements of temporal changes of pycnoclinic depth and of reflection tilt are used to infer the existence of an anticyclonic vortex that advects northeastward. Comparison with satellite measurements of sea‐surface temperature and height suggests that this vortex is caused by meandering of the Continental Slope Current. A model of a Gaussian vortex is used to match seismic and satellite observations. This putative vortex grows to have a core radius of 40–50 km. It has a maximum azimuthal velocity of 0.3–0.4 m sjats:sup−1</jats:sup>and translates at 0.01–0.1 m sjats:sup−1</jats:sup>. Within the pycnocline, diapycnal diffusivity,jats:italicK</jats:italic>, is estimated by analyzing the turbulent spectral subrange of tracked reflections.jats:italicK</jats:italic>varies between 10jats:sup−5.7</jats:sup>mjats:sup2</jats:sup>sjats:sup−1</jats:sup>and 10jats:sup−5.0</jats:sup> mjats:sup2</jats:sup> sjats:sup−1</jats:sup>in a pattern that is broadly consistent with translation of the vortex. Our integrated study demonstrates the ability of time‐lapse seismic reflection surveys to dynamically resolve the effects that mesoscale activity has upon deep thermohaline structure on scales from meters to hundreds of kilometers.</jats:p>

Description

Keywords

37 Earth Sciences, 3708 Oceanography, 3706 Geophysics

Journal Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2169-9275
2169-9291

Volume Title

125

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K034529/1)
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Engineering and Physical Science Research Council 794 Program Grant EP/K034529/1