jats:pThrough the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation index system, this paper analyzes the allocation of science and technology resources in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2014 to 2020, evaluates the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources from the perspective of multi input and output, and understands the advantages and disadvantages of regional resource allocation. The research results show that: (1) under the guidance of the national strategic policy of actively promoting the development of world-class urban agglomerations, the allocation efficiency of science and technology resources in various provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Delta continues to optimize, and the allocation level of some regions shows a rapid development trend; (2) R&D personnel and R&D funds are the core factors that affect the efficiency of science and technology resource allocation; (3) the marketization of resource allocation is helpful to improve its allocation efficiency; and (4) improving the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements, opening up the channel for innovative products, technologies, and services to enter the market, and enabling innovative enterprises to make profits can provide strong and lasting incentives for the improvement of scientific and technological resource allocation efficiency. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from the aspects of human resources and material resources, and provides a theoretical reference for the coordinated and sustainable development of the Yangtze River Delta City Group under the background of the implementation of the urban agglomeration strategy and the construction of a scientific and technological infrastructure platform.</jats:p>