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On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Zicari, Roberto V 
Brusseau, James 
Blomberg, Stig Nikolaj 
Christensen, Helle Collatz 
Coffee, Megan 

Abstract

jats:pArtificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health and wellbeing. However, the use of AI in healthcare also brings potential risks that may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments in AI, the High-Level Expert Group on AI set up by the European Commission (EC), recently published ethics guidelines for what it terms “trustworthy” AI. These guidelines are aimed at a variety of stakeholders, especially guiding practitioners toward more ethical and more robust applications of AI. In line with efforts of the EC, AI ethics scholarship focuses increasingly on converting abstract principles into actionable recommendations. However, the interpretation, relevance, and implementation of trustworthy AI depend on the domain and the context in which the AI system is used. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to use the general AI HLEG trustworthy AI guidelines in practice in the healthcare domain. To this end, we present a best practice of assessing the use of machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. The AI system under assessment is currently in use in the city of Copenhagen in Denmark. The assessment is accomplished by an independent team composed of philosophers, policy makers, social scientists, technical, legal, and medical experts. By leveraging an interdisciplinary team, we aim to expose the complex trade-offs and the necessity for such thorough human review when tackling socio-technical applications of AI in healthcare. For the assessment, we use a process to assess trustworthy AI, called jats:xrefjats:sup1</jats:sup></jats:xref>Z-Inspectionjats:sup®</jats:sup> to identify specific challenges and potential ethical trade-offs when we consider AI in practice.</jats:p>

Description

Keywords

46 Information and Computing Sciences, 4203 Health Services and Systems, 42 Health Sciences, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Cardiovascular, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, 8.3 Policy, ethics, and research governance, Generic health relevance, 3 Good Health and Well Being

Journal Title

Frontiers in Human Dynamics

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2673-2726
2673-2726

Volume Title

3

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA