Global maps of soil temperature.
Authors
Ashcroft, Michael B
Barthel, Matti
Buysse, Pauline
Curtis, Robin
Deronde, Bart
Dimarco, Romina D
Ewers, Robert M
Fernández Calzado, M Rosa
Guglielmin, Mauro
Herbst, Mathias
Kazakis, George
Manise, Tanguy
Marciniak, Felipe
Mazzolari, Ana Clara
Moiseev, Dmitry
Monfries, Ruth
Nagy, Laszlo
Newling, Emily
Niessner, Armin
Panov, Alexey V
Pellissier, Loïc
Remmele, Sabine
Remmers, Wolfram
Rossi, Christian
Sagot, Clotilde
Schmeddes, Jonas
Schwartz, Naomi
Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina
Sidenko, Nikita V
Siebicke, Lukas
Smith-Tripp, Sarah
Sørensen, Mia Vedel
Tielbörger, Katja
Tutton, Rosamond
Urban, Anastasiya V
Villar, Luis
Zhang, Zhaochen
Publication Date
2022-05Journal Title
Glob Chang Biol
ISSN
1354-1013
Publisher
Wiley
Language
en
Type
Article
This Version
AO
VoR
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Lembrechts, J. J., van den Hoogen, J., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M. B., De Frenne, P., Kemppinen, J., Kopecký, M., et al. (2022). Global maps of soil temperature.. Glob Chang Biol https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Keywords
INVITED REVIEW, INVITED REVIEWS, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near‐surface temperatures, soil‐dwelling organisms, soil temperature, temperature offset, weather stations
Sponsorship
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (12P1819N,, G018919N, W001919N)
Identifiers
gcb16060
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/333915
Rights
Licence:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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