Characterization of iron oxide waste scales obtained by rolling mill steel industry

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Every year, the steelmaking industry produces millions of tons of slags resulting in pollution to the environment. Among the waste, secondary metals and scales rich in iron oxides are also thrown away. There is a need to treat the steel waste in a reasonably way to protect the environment and proposing new cheap technologies for producing advanced materials. In this study we report the morphological and structural characterization of waste scales generated during roll milling steel process at JSC “Arcelor Mittal Temirtau”. The raw slag and annealed at 1000 °C were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy adapted with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM- EDX), magnetometry and Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS). Fe and O were detected by EDX as main chemical elements and Si, S, Ca, Mg, C and Al as minimal elemental composition. XDR for the raw sample revealed α-Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (hematite) and Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (magnetite) as principal and secondary phase, respectively; whereas monophasic α-Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is detected for the scales annealed at 1000 °C. Magnetometry measurements show the Verwey transition for the raw sample and the Morin transition for the annealed at 1000 °C; those are fingerprints for the presence of magnetite and hematite, respectively. MS measurements for the raw sample consist of 6 small peaks of absorption and a broad two-lines absorption peak in the central part. The doublets are associated to the hyperfine parameters belonging to wustite. Magnetite is related to the hyperfine parameters for two sextets in octahedral Fe<jats:sup>2.5+</jats:sup> and tetrahedral Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>sites and a small sextet that resembles the Mössbauer parameters of α-Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. Only a well crystallized and weakly ferromagnetic sextet confirm the presence of α-Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> phase for the sample annealed at 1000 °C due to thermal oxidation.</jats:p>