Towards a More Equitable Future for Global Astronomy Research and Partnerships

Abstract

Space- and ground-based astronomical instruments, such as Hubble and the VLT, have been pivotal in advancing our understanding of the Universe. The methods and collaborations that shape astronomy research also inspire the next generation to pursue STEM careers. As emerging spacefaring nations, such as South Africa, expand their activities, it becomes essential to broaden perspectives in the field of astronomy. Ground-based observatories, in particular, often reflect significant collaborations between the Global North and South. This paper examines the role of these facilities, focusing on the contributions of local scientific communities by evaluating North-South cooperation through the metric of Local Scientific Return (LSR). Our findings reveal large disparities in LSR across regions and observatories. In Chile, LSR values show considerable variation around the mean, influenced by historical and policy-related factors, with the upcoming ELT and Vera C. Rubin Observatory exhibiting low values. South Africa’s observatories, such as SALT and MeerKAT, exemplify high local involvement, bolstered by consistent government policies and strong international partnerships. Mexico, with its strategic investments and infrastructure development, also demonstrates high LSRs with robust local engagement. Emerging astronomy communities in Namibia, Morocco, and Egypt highlight the impact of targeted investments and collaborative initiatives in significantly enhancing local scientific contributions.