STING activation induces cytotoxic and immune responses in meningiomas via inflammatory cell death pathways.

Abstract

Meningiomas are common tumors of the central nervous system that are typically treated with surgery or radiation, but lack established systemic therapies. Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes pathway with an agonist such as 8803 can trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Using integrated molecular approaches, here we show that this pathway is targetable in both neoplastic and immune populations within the meningioma microenvironment. Meningioma tumor cells exhibit promoter hypomethylation and increased chromatin accessibility of the STING genomic locus, associated with robust expression of this gene. Treatment of diverse patient meningiomas ex vivo with 8803 induces direct tumor cytotoxicity through inflammatory cell death pathways, including induction of gasdermin D membrane pore formation. Release of necrotic tumor debris triggered by 8803 activates macrophages and upregulates matrix metalloproteinase production, facilitating degradation of extra-cellular collagen. Injection of preclinical meningiomas with 8803 induces survival benefits, including in an immunocompetent orthotopic setting, through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, and downregulation of tumor-mediated immune suppression, thereby nominating 8803 for treatment consideration in meningiomas.