Acknowledgements: A. Güemes acknowledges funding support from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. A. Dominguez-Alfaro acknowledges UPV/EHU for funding transferred by the European Union-Next Generation EU by the Margarita Salas fellowship. (MARSA N° agreement 22/77). A. Carnicer-Lombarte acknowledges support from the University of Cambridge for a Borysiewicz Interdisciplinary Fellowship. S. Velasco-Bosom and G. Malliaras acknowledge support by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203312). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. This work was supported by Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchanges (RISE) under grant agreement no. 823989 ‘‘IONBIKE’’. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.