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Avoiding impacts on biodiversity through strengthening the first stage of the mitigation hierarchy

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Hayes, G 
Brooks, S 
Marsh, D 
Howard, P 

Abstract

jats:titleAbstract</jats:title>jats:pThe mitigation hierarchy is a decision-making framework designed to address impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services through first seeking to avoid impacts wherever possible, then minimizing or restoring impacts, and finally by offsetting any unavoidable impacts. Avoiding impacts is seen by many as the most certain and effective way of managing harm to biodiversity, and its position as the first stage of the mitigation hierarchy indicates that it should be prioritized ahead of other stages. However, despite an abundance of legislative and voluntary requirements, there is often a failure to avoid impacts. We discuss reasons for this failure and outline some possible solutions. We highlight the key roles that can be played by conservation organizations in cultivating political will, holding decision makers accountable to the law, improving the processes of impact assessment and avoidance, building capacity, and providing technical knowledge. A renewed focus on impact avoidance as the foundation of the mitigation hierarchy could help to limit the impacts on biodiversity of large-scale developments in energy, infrastructure, agriculture and other sectors.</jats:p>

Description

Keywords

Biodiversity offsets, conservation policy, mitigation hierarchy, Net Positive Impact, No Net Loss

Journal Title

ORYX

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0030-6053
1365-3008

Volume Title

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Sponsorship
This paper is a product of a project on strengthening the mitigation hierarchy for greater conservation gains, funded by the Cambridge Conservation Initiative Collaborative Fund. BP was funded by a Zukerman Fellowship at King’s College, Cambridge.