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The 2022 solar fuels roadmap

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Abstract

Abstract: Renewable fuel generation is essential for a low carbon footprint economy. Thus, over the last five decades, a significant effort has been dedicated towards increasing the performance of solar fuels generating devices. Specifically, the solar to hydrogen efficiency of photoelectrochemical cells has progressed steadily towards its fundamental limit, and the faradaic efficiency towards valuable products in CO2 reduction systems has increased dramatically. However, there are still numerous scientific and engineering challenges that must be overcame in order to turn solar fuels into a viable technology. At the electrode and device level, the conversion efficiency, stability and products selectivity must be increased significantly. Meanwhile, these performance metrics must be maintained when scaling up devices and systems while maintaining an acceptable cost and carbon footprint. This roadmap surveys different aspects of this endeavor: system benchmarking, device scaling, various approaches for photoelectrodes design, materials discovery, and catalysis. Each of the sections in the roadmap focuses on a single topic, discussing the state of the art, the key challenges and advancements required to meet them. The roadmap can be used as a guide for researchers and funding agencies highlighting the most pressing needs of the field.

Description

Funder: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000879


Funder: Thistledown Foundation


Funder: Research Corporation for Science Advancement; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001309


Funder: TomKat Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100018042


Funder: Taiwan Ministry of Education and Taiwan and Ministry of Science


Funder: the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy


Funder: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246

Keywords

Roadmap, solar fuels, catalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting

Journal Title

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0022-3727
1361-6463

Volume Title

55

Publisher

IOP Publishing
Sponsorship
Korean Ministry of Science (NRF-2018R1A2A1A05077909, NRF-2019M1A2A2065612)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Fuels from Sunlight Hub (DE-SC0021266)
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (864234, 883264)
National Science Foundation (CBET-1805084)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (155876, 191299)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R011923/1, BB/R018413/1)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC36-08GO28308, DE-EE0008092, DE-SC0004993, DE-SC0008707, DE-SC0017619, DE-SC0021173, DE-SC0021266, DE-SC0021953, DE-SC00493)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (19-SI-005, DE-AC52-07NA27344)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Labex ARCANE, CBH-EUR-GS, ANR-17-EURE-0003, BEEP)
European Research Council (ERC-2018-CoG BiocatSusChem 819580)
Carlsbergfondet (CF18-0435)
Mohammed bin Salman Center (MbSC2030)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (3096/10, 3096/19, 406944504 – SPP 2080, 981)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP17H06440, JP20H00396)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (033RC021A, 033RC021C, 03SF0619C, 03SF0619I)
NSF Chemical Catalysis (1955106)