Characterisation of the impact response of energetic materials: observation of a low-level reaction in 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105)
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Authors
Williamson, David
Gymer, Sue
Jardine, Andrew
Glauser, Annette
French, Sara
Wortley, Steve
Publication Date
2016-02-25Journal Title
RSC Advances
ISSN
2046-2069
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Volume
6
Pages
27896-27900
Language
English
Type
Article
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Williamson, D., Gymer, S., Taylor, N., Walley, S., Jardine, A., Glauser, A., French, S., & et al. (2016). Characterisation of the impact response of energetic materials: observation of a low-level reaction in 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). RSC Advances, 6 27896-27900. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA03096C
Abstract
Time-resolved and integrated diagnostics including high-speed photography, mass and optical spectroscopy, and optical-radiometry were used to study the impact response of high explosives in substantially more detail than possible with conventional sensitiveness tests. Specifically, we compare pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), with 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), the latter of which is currently receiving a great deal of interest as a promising insensitive high explosive. We conclude that under modest impact conditions, LLM-105 can undergo a low-level reaction whose characteristics explain apparently contradictory sensitiveness results obtained using standard tests. Our results demonstrate how more sophisticated diagnostics with large dynamic ranges, can quantify the hazard response of energetic materials in detail, enabling complex behaviour to be distinguished.
Sponsorship
The authors wish to acknowledge the funding and provision of samples for this research by AWE plc.
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA03096C
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/254063
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