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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stability of Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Solar Cells Yielding High Photovoltage

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

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Authors

Dar, MI 
Abdi-Jalebi, M 
Giordano, F 
Pellet, N 

Abstract

We report on both the intrinsic and the extrinsic stability of a formamidinium lead bromide [CH(NH2)2PbBr3 = FAPbBr3] perovskite solar cell that yields a high photovoltage. The fabrication of FAPbBr3 devices, displaying an outstanding photovoltage of 1.53 V and a power conversion efficiency of over 8%, was realized by modifying the mesoporous TiO2-FAPbBr3 interface using lithium treatment. Reasons for improved photovoltaic performance were revealed by a combination of techniques, including photothermal deflection absorption spectroscopy (PDS), transient-photovoltage and charge-extraction analysis, and time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence. With lithium-treated TiO2 films, PDS reveals that the TiO2-FAPbBr3 interface exhibits low energetic disorder, and the emission dynamics showed that electron injection from the conduction band of FAPbBr3 into that of mesoporous TiO2 is faster than for the untreated scaffold. Moreover, compared to the device with pristine TiO2, the charge carrier recombination rate within a device based on lithium-treated TiO2 film is 1 order of magnitude lower. Importantly, the operational stability of perovskites solar cells examined at a maximum power point revealed that the FAPbBr3 material is intrinsically (under nitrogen) as well as extrinsically (in ambient conditions) stable, as the unsealed devices retained over 95% of the initial efficiency under continuous full sun illumination for 150 h in nitrogen and dry air and 80% in 60% relative humidity (T = ∼60 °C). The demonstration of high photovoltage, a record for FAPbBr3, together with robust stability renders our work of practical significance.

Description

Keywords

perovskite solar cells, charge recombination, interface passivation, mesoporous TiO2, photovoltage, stability

Journal Title

Nano Letters

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1530-6984
1530-6992

Volume Title

16

Publisher

American Chemical Society
Sponsorship
European Commission (604391)
N.A. gratefully acknowledge financial support from Dyesol. M.I.D, S.M.Z., and M.G. acknowledge financial support from King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for a joint research project (IZLRZ2_164061) under Scientific & Technological Cooperation Program Switzerland–Russia. M.G. also thanks the Financial support from CCEM-CH in the ninth call proposal 906: CONNECT PV and the SNSF NRP70 “Energy Turnaround”, and the GRAPHENE project supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under contract 604391 is gratefully acknowledged. M.A.J. gratefully acknowledges Nava Technology Limited for a Ph.D. scholarship. The authors thank Dr. Aditya Sadhanala for help with the PDS. R.H.F. and M.A.J. would like to acknowledge the support from EPSRC.